Are individuals entering self‐employment overly optimistic? an empirical test of plans and projections on nascent entrepreneur expectations

This research examines the rationality of the expectations of nascent entrepreneurs. Consistent with conjectures regarding entry into self‐employment, I find substantial overoptimism in nascent entrepreneurs' expectations, in that they overestimate the probability that their nascent activity will result in an operating venture. Further, for those ventures that achieve operation, individuals overestimate the expected future sales and employment. To explain variations in overoptimism, I posit that those individuals who adopt an inside view to forecasting through the use of plans and financial projections, will exhibit greater ex ante bias in their expectations. Consistent with the inside view causing overoptimism in expectations, I find that the preparation of projected financial statements results in more overly optimistic venture sale forecasts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global Sourcing Decision‐Making Processes: Politics,Intuition, and Procedural Rationality

Global sourcing (GS) is a firmly established phenomenon in modern business practice that requires specific expertise from different organizational functions, such as purchasing, production, logistics, and research and development to analyze and select sourcing alternatives effectively. In this context, global sourcing decision‐making (GSDM) processes pose major challenges because two dimensions of functional politics, namely goal misalignment and power imbalance across functions, appear to influence procedural rationality in a manner not understood to date. Likewise, intuition also seems to play a role for the procedural rationality of GSDM processes. To elucidate the conditions under which procedural rationality is hampered or enhanced by politics and intuition, we studied five cross‐functional GSDM processes, in front of extant strategic decision‐making literature. We derive formal propositions on how functional politics and intuition influence the procedural rationality and present contingencies for the divergent role of intuition as well as functional politics in GDSM processes. Our research contributes to existing GS literature by providing a theoretical model of important microfoundations of how GSDM processes evolve. The findings also guide managers on how to structure GSDM processes such that GS projects can be conducted in a more rational fashion.     

数控刀具预调装置的项目教学法探索

项目教学法是工科类高校先进的教学手段,本文通过对数控刀具预调装置的课题阐述了对项目教学法的认识,以及如何在现代制造技术教学中应用项目教学法完成数控刀具预调装置的课题,从而不断完善现代制造技术教学体系。     

数控机床故障诊断与维修课程“做中学”教学模式的研究与实践

项目教学法是行动导向教学法中的一种,强调"教、学、做"相统一,重在"做中学"。通过结合实例,详细介绍了项目教学法在数控机床故障诊断与维修课程中的具体应用,包括学习项目的确定、具体实施过程及课程评价方法。通过实施"做中学"的教学模式,学生能够把理论知识与实践操作有机地结合起来,能有效地培养他们的团结合作、分析问题和解决问题等综合能力。     

Toward a More Phronetic Leisure Science

In this essay, we examine the assumptions underlying natural science, social science, and the humanities. More specifically, we suggest that social science in general and leisure science in particular be guided by a different set of assumptions than those guiding natural science and the humanities. Drawing on the Aristotelian idea of phronesis, we propose that value rationality more so than instrumental rationality guide social scientific inquiry, and that social science in general, and leisure science in particular, be viewed as a bridge between natural science and the humanities.     

质量管理体系在高精大型机床制造、服务中的实际应用

高精大型机床制造、服务过程中常遇到某些实际问题，文章结合ISO9000标准质量管理八大管理原则中某些原则的实际应用对其进行分析，并阐述尤其是在为用户服务方面，采取多种行之有效的实施办法，取得了直接的效果，而在技术创新开发新产品中抓住机遇，迎合市场需求，能让开发高精大型机床产品取得成功。     

The sceptic as an economist's philosopher? Humean utility as a positive principle

Whereas in philosophy David Hume was long regarded as a negative thinker to be criticized rather than read, many thinkers interested in social and economic theory from Adam Smith onwards found key concepts, distinctions and problems as developed by Hume useful and inspiring. This applies not only to his seminal contributions to technical problems in economics. It is argued that the way in which Hume employed ‘utility as a positive principle’ (most notably in his ‘experimental’ moral theory) is of pivotal importance in this context. It allows for:

a. distinguishing between internal motifs and external circumstances and constraints; and for

b. making explicit the abstract logic of social interaction structures, mechanisms and processes.

Both are necessary conditions for employing the logic of social situations and mechanisms in the explanation of social institutions and economic processes. It moreover prepares the ground for the use of simplified or cartoon-like models of individual agency in economic and social theory, but also for its critique. On this basis, Hume's influence on various strands of social and economic thought, but also the specific differences with regard to more ‘rationalistic’ approaches (such as Hobbesianism or important versions of neoclassical economics) can be assessed more clearly.     

循环经济法的经济学分析

从经济学角度分析,循环经济法的价值目标是效率,但其亦包含公平的涵义.基于从庇古税到交易费用理论演变历程的分析,循环经济法较之以前的环保法提供了更多更完善的政策工具.纳什均衡理论为循环经济法律制度的出台提供了较为充分的理由.对循环经济法的经济学分析涉及两个重要工具:循环经济法的供给与需求分析以及成本与收益分析.循环经济法供求关系的理想模式是均衡,成本-收益分析这一被广泛运用于现实的经济学工具能够帮助法律人找到协调经济发展与资源保护的循环经济法制最优运作水平.     

赫尔德对启蒙理性的反思

启蒙思想家们无限夸大理性的作用,把理性看成是万能的,从而压制了不同群体的天然差别。赫尔德对启蒙理性主义进行反思并发动了浪漫主义运动。他强调个体性,认为每个个体都具有特殊性、变动性、多元性、不确定性和无规律性,这自然就和理性的普遍性、不变性、一元性、确定性和规律性形成根本对立。     

论“以人为本”的多媒体教学

教育的信息化使传统板书教学发生了巨大变革,不成熟的现代化多媒体课件教学在一定程度上扭曲着"教师是教学的主导、学生是教学的中心"的教学宗旨。高校教师在正确认识板书与多媒体技术只是教学的辅助工具的基础上,应积极学习与探索多媒体教育技术,提高教学活动科技含量,从课程实际出发,寻找多媒体技术与教学内容、板书教学的最佳结合点,创新教学模式,启发学生思维,继续倡导新时期"以人为本"的教学实质。